Method › Concepts › Remote driving
ROAT-CON-REMOTE-DRIVING · concept
Also: remote driver · teleoperated driving · Fernsteuerung · diaľkové riadenie
Real-time performance of part or all of the DDT or the DDT fallback, including braking, steering and acceleration, by a remote driver who completes the object and event detection and response and may overrule the automated driving system. EU type-approval law leaves it outside the ADS framework; German law confines the technical supervision to releasing manoeuvres and, after a defect, to near-field manual control at walking speed within six metres. The Observatory codes remote driving as its own column so that a supervisor or intervention role is never mistaken for a remote driver.
Locus in the sources
Related concepts
In Module 03 · column “Remote driving” · snapshot 2026-09-07 review snapshot
| Role | Remote driving |
|---|---|
| Human driver UNECE / 1968 Vienna Convention | No |
| ADS as functional substitute for driver requirement UNECE / 1968 Vienna Convention | No human remote dr… |
| Remote assistance / remote interaction UNECE ADS work / technical interpretation | No |
| Transport / service operator European Union – Regulation (EU) 2022/1426 | No |
| Remote management function European Union – Regulation (EU) 2022/1426 / JRC interpretation | No – outside Regul… |
| Authorised self-driving entity / ADS legal-responsibility entity Great Britain – Automated Vehicles Act 2024 | No |
| User with limited in-vehicle legal duties during self-driving Great Britain – Automated Vehicles Act 2024 | No |
| No-user-in-charge operational entity Great Britain – Automated Vehicles Act 2024 | No |
| Technical remote supervisor Germany – StVG / AFGBV | Near-field takeove… |
| Automated road transport system operator France – STRA framework | No |
| Authorised remote intervention person France – STRA / automated-driving framework | Not ordinary |
| In-vehicle operator during automated operation Croatia – Road Traffic Safety Act | No |
| Remote intervention operator Croatia – Road Traffic Safety Act | No |
| Licensed fully automated vehicle operator Slovakia – parliamentary print 1329 (draft) | Arranged if remote… |
| Supervision operator Slovakia – parliamentary print 1329 (draft) | Potential boundary |
| Level 3 fallback-ready user SAE J3016 | No |
| Remote human driver SAE J3016 | Yes |
| Trip-dispatch / strategic user SAE J3016 | No |
| Prototype ADS fallback test driver SAE J3018 | Possible |
| In-vehicle prototype fallback test driver SAE J3018 | No |
| Remote prototype fallback test driver SAE J3018 | Potentially yes |
| Safety driver in public-road AV testing California – DMV testing regime | No |
| AV testing permit holder California – DMV AV program | No |
| Automated-vehicle trial permit holder Sweden – Swedish Transport Agency | Possible by permit… |
| ADS lifecycle safety entity Australia – proposed Automated Vehicle Safety Law framework | No |
| Driverless-operation permission holder Japan – Road Traffic Act SAO framework | No |
| Remote operational supervisor Japan – Road Traffic Act SAO framework | No routine |
| Automated commercial vehicle pilot participant Ontario, Canada – ACMV Pilot Program | No |
| Driverless-test oversight assistant Ontario, Canada – ACMV Pilot Program | No regular driving |
| Vehicle owner as statutory responsibility holder Croatia – Road Traffic Safety Act | No |
In Module 02 · column “Remote human role” · snapshot 2026-09-07 review snapshot
| Regime | Remote human role |
|---|---|
| Germany – current law | Technische Aufsicht – may deactivate and release specified manoeuvres; not ordinary continuous remote driving |
| France – current law | Qualified remote intervention personnel integrated into system operation |
| Croatia – current law | Remote intervention role recognised; boundaries and concurrency remain implementation questions |
| Great Britain – 2026 transitional current law | No German-style technical supervisor as universal core role; remote functions depend on operating model |
| China – current transitional regime | No mature national standalone technical-supervisor/remote-operator role architecture yet |
| China – 2026 Road Traffic Safety Law draft prospective | Remote human role remains underdeveloped in the draft |
| Slovakia – current law (31 Aug 2026) | No general commercial FAV technical-supervision/control-centre role in force; supervising driver (dohliadajúci vodič) with remote takeover for automated delivery vehicles (Act 8/2009 § 2(2)(w), § 5(6)) |
| Slovakia – CPT 1329 prospective model prospective | Supervision operator + control centre; current draft boundary with remote driving needs correction |
Cite this concept
ROAT Observatory, concept Remote driving [ROAT-CON-REMOTE-DRIVING], approved definition, 2026-09-07. Jozef Andraško. /method/concepts/remote-driving/