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ROAT Observatory / Explore regulation

Country profiles

Explore testing, approval and operation by jurisdiction. Each profile identifies its scope, sources and review dates.

China

Product admission, road-access pilots and prospective legislative developments.

Overview last checked:

Open profile

Croatia

Road-traffic rules, remote intervention and validation before automated passenger service.

Overview last checked:

Open profile

France

Automated road transport systems, safety demonstrations and the route to putting a service into operation.

Selected sources checked:

Open profile

Germany

Defined operating areas, technical supervision and the responsibilities involved in autonomous operation.

Selected sources checked:

Open profile

Great Britain

Authorisation, responsible actors and automated passenger services in Great Britain.

Selected sources checked:

Open profile

Slovakia

Existing testing and delivery rules, alongside promulgated Act No. 248/2026 Coll., effective from 1 December 2026.

Selected sources checked:

Open profile

Further profiles of selected regimes

Spain

The ES-AV programme: admission to testing, three phases and human roles in automated or remote driving.

Selected sources checked:

Open profile →

Italy

MIT authorisation, an onboard supervisor and the evidence required for public-road trials.

Selected sources checked:

Open profile →

Singapore · selected robot rules →