Act No. 106/2018 Coll. on vehicle operation ↗
Version applicable 1–30 September 2026; review of § 49, § 52 and designation of the authority in § 135(2). The Act also has a further version from 1 October 2026.
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Coverage of the four practical country profiles. Select a cell to open the answer and its sources.
Baseline source review: . The adopted Slovak provisions are separately supplemented following the check of 22 September 2026.
| Topic | Slovakia | Germany | France | Great Britain |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Who authorises test drives? | Working interpretation1 odkaz na ustanovenie · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 |
| What enables driverless operation? | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 + 16. 10. 2026 | Working interpretation1 odkaz na ustanovenie · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation1 odkaz na ustanovenie · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation3 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 |
| Who bears operational duties? | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 + 16. 10. 2026 | Working interpretation1 odkaz na ustanovenie · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation4 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 |
| What is the human role? | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 + 16. 10. 2026 | Working interpretation3 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation3 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 |
| What safety evidence is needed? | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 + 16. 10. 2026 | Working interpretation3 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation3 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 |
| What is known about damage, insurance and offences? | Working interpretation1 odkaz na ustanovenie · 7 September 2026 + 16. 10. 2026 | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 |
| What conditions and open issues remain? | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 + 16. 10. 2026 | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation1 odkaz na ustanovenie · 7 September 2026 | Working interpretation2 odkazy na ustanovenia · 7 September 2026 |
| Specific route and individual permit | Not mappedAssessment of an individual project is outside the profiles’ scope. | Not mappedAssessment of an individual project is outside the profiles’ scope. | Not mappedAssessment of an individual project is outside the profiles’ scope. | Not mappedAssessment of an individual project is outside the profiles’ scope. |
The table assesses these profiles’ coverage, not countries’ readiness for automated transport or the research register’s entire content. The comparison distinguishes technical approval, permission to drive and authorisation to provide a transport service. The French operational branch concerns automated passenger transport; the British branch covers Great Britain, meaning England, Wales and Scotland. The scope of individual legal routes varies between countries.
Scope covered: Existing trial and delivery-vehicle rules + Act No. 248/2026 Coll., effective from 1 December 2026
Existing provisions use the review of 7 September 2026. The supplement of 22 September 2026 checked the adopted text of print 1329. The update of 16 October 2026 identifies promulgated Act No. 248/2026 Coll., effective from 1 December 2026. Individual permits and the complete implementing framework remain outside this profile.
Version applicable 1–30 September 2026; review of § 49, § 52 and designation of the authority in § 135(2). The Act also has a further version from 1 October 2026.
Adopted by Parliament on 16 September 2026 as print 1329 and subsequently promulgated in the Collection of Laws. Commencement under Article IV: 1 December 2026. Promulgation status updated on 16 October 2026.
Scope covered: Autonomous vehicle in an approved area
Compared with the original snapshot, the alternative of European type approval in the current § 1e(1), point 2, is clarified. Permanent supervision during testing remains distinct from ordinary autonomous operation. The relationship between the current StVG and AFGBV procedural requirements must be resolved for an individual application; this comparison does not treat it as settled.
Consolidated text retrieved on 7 September 2026; KBA permit and supervision during testing.
§§ 7–9, 14 and 16 checked in the consolidated text on 7 September 2026. The links in §§ 8–9 to a domestic Betriebserlaubnis must be read alongside the newer § 1e StVG.
Consolidated text retrieved on 7 September 2026. Paragraph 1, point 2 expressly includes type approval under (EU) 2022/1426 as an alternative.
Full provision retrieved from the official portal on 7 September 2026.
Consolidated § 7 retrieved on 7 September 2026; the basis of Halter liability, not a full audit of exceptions and recourse.
Scope covered: Testing + automated passenger transport system
The testing regime was checked in the consolidated text as of 7 September 2026, including the 2020 amendment. The operational branch is limited to passenger transport. The current text of R3152-3 was confirmed directly on Légifrance. This review concerns specific provisions; freight transport, full civil liability and all implementing requirements remain outside its scope.
Consolidated text as of 7 September 2026 checked directly on Légifrance; Articles 1, 2, 2-1 and 2-2. Text information last updated on 24 May 2019.
Consolidated text as of 7 September 2026 checked directly on Légifrance, including the 2020 amendments; Articles 2–5, 10–12 and 15.
Current article page retrieved on 7 September 2026; it identifies the version in force from 1 September 2022.
Current text as of 7 September 2026 checked directly on Légifrance; article in force since 1 September 2022. Training and medical fitness of the person performing remote intervention were checked.
Current article page retrieved on 7 September 2026; it identifies the version in force from 1 September 2022.
Current article page retrieved on 7 September 2026; text in force from 11 July 2025, including Act 2025-622.
Scope covered: Testing with a driver + driverless pilot + APS
The transitional nature of the framework is retained. Driverless pilots, testing with a driver and passenger service permits are distinguished. Earlier guidance describing planned APS commencement is read against the adopted SI 2026/437 and 439. Individual VSOs, specific permits and full civil liability remain outside the review.
Guidance updated on 24 June 2026; Introduction, Legal requirements and Safety cases sections checked. Guidance must be distinguished from statutory duties.
Scope, VSO and vehicle listing, Monitoring and control and Tables 1–4 checked on 7 September 2026. The text also contains earlier planned dates; APS commencement was checked separately against SI 2026/437 and 439.
Revised text retrieved on 7 September 2026; section 82 in force since 15 May 2026.
Revised text retrieved on 7 September 2026; in force since 15 May 2026. Effect of the permit on taxi, private hire and bus regulation.
Official adopted text; commencement on 15 May 2026. Regulation 1(3) limits material and territorial scope; regulations 3 and 5–8 govern duration and interventions affecting permits.
Official text; regulation 2 provides commencement from 15 May 2026 and exceptions in Part 5. This instrument did not bring the full authorisation architecture into force.