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ROAT — Regulation of Automated TransportROAT — Regulation of Automated Transport

Glossary of key terms

Exact definitions, pinpoint references and explanations of automated transport terminology. Select the source you want to compare within each entry.

Quotations retain the language identified beside each definition. Explanations and translations of terminology are ROAT working renderings. Identical labels or abbreviations do not imply identical legal meanings.

Automated vehicle

Explanation: In EU law, a vehicle capable of driving independently for a period while driver intervention remains expected or required.

Slovak law

Verbatim text · Slovak

automatizovaným vozidlom automatizované vozidlo podľa osobitného predpisu6a) alebo iné motorové vozidlo navrhnuté a skonštruované tak, aby sa dokázalo určitý čas samostatne pohybovať bez nepretržitého dohľadu vodiča, pri ktorom sa ale zásah vodiča predpokladá alebo vyžaduje,

106/2018 Z. z. · § 2 ods. 2 písm. ad)

Related Slovak provisions — explanation

The statutory definition refers to EU law and also covers other motor vehicles capable of temporary independent movement where driver intervention is expected or required.

106/2018 Z. z. · § 2 ods. 2 písm. ad)

EU law

Verbatim text · Slovak

„automatizované vozidlo“ je motorové vozidlo navrhnuté a skonštruované tak, aby sa dokázalo určitý čas samostatne pohybovať bez nepretržitého dohľadu vodiča, no pri ktorom sa stále predpokladá alebo vyžaduje zásah vodiča;

EU 2019/2144 · Článok 3 bod 21

Example: The system drives under defined conditions, but the driver must be ready to resume control.

Fully automated vehicle

Explanation: A vehicle designed to move independently without driver supervision. The label “autonomous” alone does not specify where or under which conditions it can operate.

Slovak law

Verbatim text · Slovak

plne automatizovaným vozidlom plne automatizované vozidlo podľa osobitného predpisu6b) alebo iné motorové vozidlo navrhnuté a skonštruované tak, aby sa dokázalo pohybovať samostatne,

106/2018 Z. z. · § 2 ods. 2 písm. ae)

Related Slovak provisions — explanation

The Act refers to the EU definition and also includes other motor vehicles designed and constructed for independent movement.

106/2018 Z. z. · § 2 ods. 2 písm. ae)

EU law

Verbatim text · Slovak

„plne automatizované vozidlo“ je motorové vozidlo navrhnuté a skonštruované tak, aby sa dokázalo pohybovať bez dohľadu vodiča;

EU 2019/2144 · Článok 3 bod 22

WP.1 resolution (2018)

Verbatim text · English

“Fully automated vehicle” refers to a vehicle equipped with an automated driving system. This automated driving system operates without any operational design domain limitations for some or all of the journey, without the need for human intervention as a fall-back to ensure road safety.

WP.1 resolution — ECE/TRANS/WP.1/2018/4/Rev.3 · 3(e)

Non-binding resolution adopted on 20 September 2018; document dated 14 January 2019.

Example: A driverless shuttle serves a defined route.

Automated Driving System (ADS)

Explanation: Hardware and software performing the entire dynamic driving task within defined conditions.

Slovak law

Verbatim text · Slovak

automatizovaným systémom riadenia systém riadenia vozidla, ktorý na zabezpečenie dynamickej kontroly nad vozidlom trvalo využíva hardware a software.

106/2018 Z. z. · § 2 ods. 2 písm. af)

Related Slovak provisions — explanation

The Slovak definition concerns sustained use of hardware and software for dynamic vehicle control. Its wording differs from the ADS definition in the EU Regulation.

106/2018 Z. z. · § 2 ods. 2 písm. af)

EU law

Verbatim text · Slovak

„Automatizovaný jazdný systém“ (ADS) je hardvér a softvér, ktoré sú spoločne schopné nepretržite vykonávať celú dynamickú úlohu riadenia v konkrétnej prevádzkovo-konštrukčnej doméne (ODD).

EU 2022/1426 · Článok 2 bod 1

Vienna Convention

Verbatim text · English

“Automated driving system” refers to a vehicle system that uses both hardware and software to exercise dynamic control of a vehicle on a sustained basis.

Vienna Convention — ECE/TRANS/WP.1/173/Add.1 · Article 1(ab)

Additions to Article 1 and Article 34 bis: effective from 14 July 2022.

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

The hardware and software that are collectively capable of performing the entire DDT on a sustained basis, regardless of whether it is limited to a specific operational design domain (ODD); this term is used specifically to describe a Level 3, 4, or 5 driving automation system.

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.2

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

WP.1 resolution (2018)

Verbatim text · English

“Automated driving system” refers to a vehicle system that uses both hardware and software to exercise dynamic control of a vehicle on a sustained basis.

WP.1 resolution — ECE/TRANS/WP.1/2018/4/Rev.3 · 3(a)

Non-binding resolution adopted on 20 September 2018; document dated 14 January 2019.

UNECE 2026/137

Verbatim text · English

“Automated Driving System (ADS)” means the vehicle hardware and software that are collectively capable of performing the entire Dynamic Driving Task (DDT) on a sustained basis.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 · 2.1

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

UNECE 2026/139

Verbatim text · English

“Automated Driving System (ADS)” means the vehicle hardware and software that are collectively capable of performing the entire Dynamic Driving Task (DDT) on a sustained basis.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 · Part II, 2.1

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

Example: The system assesses the situation and brakes for a pedestrian.

Dynamic Driving Task (DDT)

Explanation: Real-time driving tasks: vehicle control, observing traffic and responding. Choosing a destination is excluded.

EU law

Verbatim text · Slovak

„Dynamická úloha riadenia (DDT)“ sú všetky prevádzkové funkcie v reálnom čase a taktické funkcie potrebné na prevádzku vozidla s výnimkou strategických funkcií, ako je plánovanie ciest a výber cieľových miest a traťových bodov, a vrátane okrem iného týchto čiastkových úloh: a) ovládanie bočného pohybu vozidla prostredníctvom riadenia (prevádzkové); b) ovládanie pozdĺžneho pohybu vozidla prostredníctvom zrýchlenia a spomalenia (prevádzkové); c) monitorovanie prostredia jazdy detekciou objektov a udalostí, rozpoznávaním, klasifikáciou a prípravou reakcie (operačná a taktická); d) vykonanie reakcie na objekty a udalosti (prevádzkové a taktické); e) plánovanie manévrov (taktické); f) zvyšovanie viditeľnosti osvetlením, použitím klaksónu, signalizáciou, gestikuláciou atď. (taktické).

EU 2022/1426 · Článok 2 bod 4

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

All of the real-time operational and tactical functions required to operate a vehicle in on-road traffic, excluding the strategic functions such as trip scheduling and selection of destinations and waypoints, and including, without limitation, the following subtasks: 1. Lateral vehicle motion control via steering (operational). 2. Longitudinal vehicle motion control via acceleration and deceleration (operational). 3. Monitoring the driving environment via object and event detection, recognition, classification, and response preparation (operational and tactical). 4. Object and event response execution (operational and tactical). 5. Maneuver planning (tactical). 6. Enhancing conspicuity via lighting, sounding the horn, signaling, gesturing, etc. (tactical).

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.10

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

UNECE 2026/137

Verbatim text · English

“Dynamic Driving Task (DDT)” means the real-time operational and tactical functions required to operate the vehicle.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 · 2.3

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

UNECE 2026/139

Verbatim text · English

“Dynamic Driving Task (DDT)” means the real-time operational and tactical functions required to operate the vehicle.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 · Part II, 2.3

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

Example: Braking at a crossing is part of DDT; selecting an address is not.

Operational Design Domain (ODD)

Explanation: Conditions the system is designed for, such as road type, area or weather.

EU law

Verbatim text · Slovak

„Prevádzkovo-konštrukčná doména (ODD)“ sú prevádzkové podmienky, za ktorých má konkrétne navrhnutý ADS fungovať, ktoré zahŕňajú okrem iného obmedzenia z hľadiska prostredia, geografie alebo obdobia dňa a/alebo požadovanú prítomnosť alebo neprítomnosť určitých vlastností premávky alebo cesty.

EU 2022/1426 · Článok 2 bod 16

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

Operating conditions under which a given driving automation system or feature thereof is specifically designed to function, including, but not limited to, environmental, geographical, and time-of-day restrictions, and/or the requisite presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway characteristics.

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.21

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

WP.1 resolution (2018)

Verbatim text · English

“Operational design domain” (ODD) refers to the environmental, geographic, time-of-day, traffic, infrastructure, weather and other conditions under which an automated driving system is specifically designed to function.

WP.1 resolution — ECE/TRANS/WP.1/2018/4/Rev.3 · 3(c)

Non-binding resolution adopted on 20 September 2018; document dated 14 January 2019.

UNECE 2026/137

Verbatim text · English

“Operational Design Domain (ODD)” means the operating conditions under which an ADS feature is specifically designed to function.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 · 2.12

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

UNECE 2026/139

Verbatim text · English

“Operational Design Domain (ODD)” means the operating conditions under which an ADS feature is specifically designed to function.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 · Part II, 2.12

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

Example: A feature works on dry motorways, not snow-covered local roads.

Minimal Risk Manoeuvre (MRM)

Explanation: A manoeuvre intended to bring the vehicle to a safe standstill.

EU law

Verbatim text · Slovak

„Manéver s minimálnym rizikom (MRM)“ je manéver zameraný na minimalizáciu rizík v premávke zastavením vozidla v bezpečnom stave (t. j. stav minimálneho rizika).

EU 2022/1426 · Článok 2 bod 14

Example: After a fault, the system slows down and stops safely.

Level of driving automation

Explanation: SAE distinguishes levels 0–5 by how tasks are divided between the human and the system. A level describes a feature; it is not an operating permit.

SAE

This entry currently provides an explanation, not a verbatim definition from this source.

SAE J3016 (2021) · Taxonomy

Example: Two features of the same vehicle may have different automation levels.

Remote driving and remote driver

Explanation: A person outside the vehicle drives it using technical equipment. Legal requirements depend on the country; the cited provision is German.

Slovak law

Related Slovak provisions — explanation

Slovak law expressly contemplates taking over control remotely when supervising a vehicle using an automated driving system. This is neither a separate definition of a remote driver nor blanket permission for all remote driving.

8/2009 Z. z. · § 5 ods. 6

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

Real-time performance of part or all of the DDT and/or DDT fallback (including, real-time braking, steering, acceleration, and transmission shifting), by a remote driver.

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.24

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

Germany

This entry currently provides an explanation, not a verbatim definition from this source.

StVFernLV · § 2(1)–(2)

Example: A driver at a remote workstation controls the vehicle’s direction and speed.

Remote assistance

Explanation: Human support provided remotely without taking over real-time driving.

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

Event-driven provision, by a remotely located human (see 3.31.5), of information or advice to an ADS-equipped vehicle in driverless operation in order to facilitate trip continuation when the ADS encounters a situation it cannot manage.

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.23

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

AVSC

This entry currently provides an explanation, not a verbatim definition from this source.

AVSC — ADS Remote Assistance (2023) · Remote assistance use case

Example: An assistant supplies information about an obstacle; the system performs the manoeuvre.

Type-approval

Explanation: A procedure through which an approval authority certifies that a vehicle or system type meets applicable requirements.

Slovak law

Verbatim text · Slovak

Typovým schválením je postup, ktorým typový schvaľovací orgán potvrdzuje, že typ vozidla, systému, komponentu, samostatnej technickej jednotky alebo spaľovacieho motora necestných pojazdných strojov spĺňa požiadavky ustanovené na schvaľovací postup a technické požiadavky; typové schválenie môže byť vnútroštátne typové schválenie alebo typové schválenie EÚ.

106/2018 Z. z. · § 2 ods. 6

Related Slovak provisions — explanation

The Act distinguishes national type-approval and EU type-approval.

106/2018 Z. z. · § 2 ods. 6

EU law

This entry currently provides an explanation, not a verbatim definition from this source.

EU 2018/858 · Art. 3(1)

Example: A manufacturer obtains system type-approval; use on a particular route may require further steps.

Authorisation for operation

Explanation: A description of steps allowing a specific deployment, not a uniform permit name across countries. Germany, for example, distinguishes vehicle approval, approval of the operating area and registration.

Slovak law

Related Slovak provisions — explanation

For Slovak trial operation, the Decree specifies application requirements, including a favourable police opinion for automated vehicles, and the permit template. These are procedural rules, not a general definition of operation.

131/2018 Z. z. · §§ 49–50

Germany

This entry currently provides an explanation, not a verbatim definition from this source.

StVG · § 1e(1)

Example: An approved vehicle still needs to meet the conditions for its intended operating area.

Manufacturer

Explanation: In the EU approval framework, the person responsible for approval and production conformity, even without direct involvement in every manufacturing stage. This need not be the service operator.

Slovak law

Related Slovak provisions — explanation

The Slovak Act also defines the manufacturer; this is not automatically the vehicle operator under section 2(23).

106/2018 Z. z. · § 2 ods. 21 písm. a)

EU law

This entry currently provides an explanation, not a verbatim definition from this source.

EU 2018/858 · Art. 3(40)

Example: A manufacturer supplies a vehicle to a transport provider that runs the service.

Driver

Explanation: Driver is defined differently in Slovak law, the Vienna Convention, SAE and the UNECE documents. Slovak law also includes a person supervising a vehicle using an ADS.

Slovak law

Verbatim text · Slovak

vodičom osoba, ktorá vedie vozidlo, alebo osoba, ktorá vykonáva dohľad nad vozidlom, ktoré na jazdu využíva automatizovaný systém riadenia,4a)

8/2009 Z. z. · § 2 ods. 2 písm. x)

Vienna Convention

Verbatim text · English

“Driver” means any person who drives a motor vehicle or other vehicle (including a cycle), or who guides cattle, singly or in herds, or flocks, or draught, pack or saddle animals on a road;

Vienna Convention on Road Traffic (1968) · Article 1(v)

International treaty; authentic English text quoted.

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

A user who performs in real time part or all of the DDT and/or DDT fallback for a particular vehicle.

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.31.1

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

UNECE 2026/137

Verbatim text · English

“Driver” means an ADS user who performs in real time part or all of the DDT for a particular ADS vehicle.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 · 2.14.2

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

UNECE 2026/139

Verbatim text · English

“Driver” means an ADS user who performs in real time part or all of the DDT for a particular ADS vehicle.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 · Part II, 2.14.2

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

Example: The supervising person monitors traffic and takes over vehicle control when needed.

Vehicle operator

Explanation: The Act means the vehicle owner or the holder designated by the owner. This is not necessarily the transport service provider.

Slovak law

Verbatim text · Slovak

Prevádzkovateľom vozidla je vlastník vozidla alebo ním určený držiteľ vozidla.

106/2018 Z. z. · § 2 ods. 23

Example: The owner designates a holder recorded in the vehicle documents.

Automated delivery vehicle

Explanation: The Decree covers automated, fully automated or remotely controlled cargo vehicles moving partly or entirely independently. It also sets technical limits.

Slovak law

Verbatim text · Slovak

Automatizované doručovacie vozidlo je automatizované vozidlo, plne automatizované vozidlo alebo na diaľku ovládané vozidlo, ktoré sa pohybuje čiastočne alebo úplne samostatne a slúži na prepravu nákladu.

134/2018 Z. z. · § 34a ods. 1

Example: A small vehicle delivers a parcel; the name alone does not determine where it may travel.

Trial operation

Explanation: A special regime for test journeys based on permission from the type-approval authority.

Slovak law

This entry currently provides an explanation, not a verbatim definition from this source.

106/2018 Z. z. · § 49 ods. 1, 4–6

Related Slovak provisions — explanation

The Decree specifies the application contents and permit template. Its older cross-references must be read alongside the current section 49 of the Act.

131/2018 Z. z. · §§ 49–50

Example: A development vehicle undergoes tests on an authorised route.

Dynamic control

Explanation: Operational and tactical functions of vehicle movement under the Vienna Convention. Compare this treaty term with DDT without assuming legal equivalence.

Vienna Convention

Verbatim text · English

“Dynamic control” refers to carrying out all the real-time operational and tactical functions required to move the vehicle. This includes controlling the vehicle’s lateral and longitudinal motion, monitoring the road, responding to events in the road traffic, and planning and signalling for manoeuvres.

Vienna Convention — ECE/TRANS/WP.1/173/Add.1 · Article 1(ac)

Additions to Article 1 and Article 34 bis: effective from 14 July 2022.

WP.1 resolution (2018)

Verbatim text · English

“Dynamic control” refers to carrying out all the real-time operational and tactical functions required to move the vehicle. This includes controlling the vehicle’s lateral and longitudinal motion, monitoring the road environment, responding to events in the road traffic environment, and planning and signalling for manoeuvres.

WP.1 resolution — ECE/TRANS/WP.1/2018/4/Rev.3 · 3(b)

Non-binding resolution adopted on 20 September 2018; document dated 14 January 2019.

Driving automation system

Explanation: SAE umbrella term for Levels 1–5. ADS is the narrower category covering Levels 3–5.

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

The hardware and software that are collectively capable of performing part or all of the DDT on a sustained basis; this term is used generically to describe any system capable of Level 1 to 5 driving automation.

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.6

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

Minimal risk condition (MRC)

Explanation: A stopped vehicle condition. Distinguish it from the manoeuvre used to reach it and from the newer term mitigated risk condition.

EU law

Verbatim text · Slovak

„Stav minimálneho rizika (MRC)“ je stabilný stav zastaveného vozidla, ktorý znižuje riziko nárazu.

EU 2022/1426 · Článok 2 bod 15

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

A stable, stopped condition to which a user or an ADS may bring a vehicle after performing the DDT fallback in order to reduce the risk of a crash when a given trip cannot or should not be continued.

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.16

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

Remote driver

Explanation: A driver operating without directly using controls at the driving position. This is not merely an adviser to the ADS.

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

A driver who is not seated in a position to manually exercise in-vehicle braking, accelerating, steering, and transmission gear selection input devices (if any), but is able to operate the vehicle.

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.31.1.2

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

Remote assistant

Explanation: A human providing information or advice to the system. This role must not automatically be equated with a remote driver.

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

A human(s) who provides remote assistance to an ADS-equipped vehicle in driverless operation.

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.31.5

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

Fallback-ready user

Explanation: An SAE Level 3 role. The new UNECE documents use their own term fallback user and their own conditions.

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

The user of a vehicle equipped with an engaged Level 3 ADS feature who is properly qualified and able to operate the vehicle and is receptive to ADS-issued requests to intervene and to evident DDT performance-relevant system failures in the vehicle compelling him or her to perform the DDT fallback.

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.31.3

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

UNECE 2026/137

Verbatim text · English

“Fallback user” means an occupant designated to perform the DDT pursuant to an ADS fallback response.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 · 2.14.3

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

UNECE 2026/139

Verbatim text · English

“Fallback user” means an occupant designated to perform the DDT pursuant to an ADS fallback response.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 · Part II, 2.14.3

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

Passenger in an ADS vehicle

Explanation: A role without performance of driving; the exact boundary depends on the source.

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

A user in a vehicle who has no role in the operation of that vehicle.

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.31.2

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

UNECE 2026/137

Verbatim text · English

“(ADS vehicle) Passenger” means an occupant who is not a driver or fallback user.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 · 2.14.4

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

UNECE 2026/139

Verbatim text · English

“(ADS vehicle) Passenger” means an occupant who is not a driver or fallback user.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 · Part II, 2.14.4

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

Request to intervene / transition demand

Explanation: A system request to a human. SAE and the WP.1 resolution use different terms and scopes.

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

An alert provided by a Level 3 ADS to a fallback-ready user indicating that s/he should promptly perform the DDT fallback, which may entail resuming manual operation of the vehicle (i.e., becoming a driver again), or achieving a minimal risk condition if the vehicle is not operable.

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.25

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

WP.1 resolution (2022)

Verbatim text · English

“Transition demand” refers to an instruction from the automated driving system to the driver to take over dynamic control.

WP.1 resolution — ECE/TRANS/WP.1/2021/2/Rev.1 · 2(c)

Non-binding resolution on safety during transfer of control; adopted in September 2022.

Highly automated vehicle

Explanation: A WP.1 resolution term tied to a specific ODD and operation without human intervention as a safety fallback.

WP.1 resolution (2018)

Verbatim text · English

“Highly automated vehicle” refers to a vehicle equipped with an automated driving system. This automated driving system operates within a specific operational design domain for some or all of the journey, without the need for human intervention as a fall-back to ensure road safety.

WP.1 resolution — ECE/TRANS/WP.1/2018/4/Rev.3 · 3(d)

Non-binding resolution adopted on 20 September 2018; document dated 14 January 2019.

ADS vehicle

Explanation: Equipping a vehicle with an ADS does not mean that the ADS is currently driving.

UNECE 2026/137

Verbatim text · English

“ADS vehicle” means a vehicle equipped with an ADS.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 · 2.2

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

UNECE 2026/139

Verbatim text · English

“ADS vehicle” means a vehicle equipped with an ADS.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 · Part II, 2.2

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

ADS fallback response

Explanation: A system procedure for deactivation or reaching a mitigated risk condition under the 2026 UNECE documents.

UNECE 2026/137

Verbatim text · English

“ADS fallback response” means a system-initiated deactivation procedure or an ADS-controlled procedure to place the vehicle in a mitigated risk condition (MRC).

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 · 2.15

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

UNECE 2026/139

Verbatim text · English

“ADS fallback response” means a system-initiated deactivation procedure or an ADS-controlled procedure to place the vehicle in a mitigated risk condition (MRC).

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 · Part II, 2.15

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

Mitigated risk condition (MRC)

Explanation: Newer terminology in the 2026 UNECE documents. The abbreviation MRC is shared with minimal risk condition, but the exact terms and definitions must remain distinct.

UNECE 2026/137

Verbatim text · English

“Mitigated Risk Condition (MRC)” means a stable and stopped state of the vehicle that reduces the risk of a crash.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 · 2.20

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

UNECE 2026/139

Verbatim text · English

“Mitigated Risk Condition (MRC)” means a stable and stopped state of the vehicle that reduces the risk of a crash.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 · Part II, 2.20

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

Remote termination

Explanation: Remotely disabling ADS features is different from remotely driving a vehicle.

UNECE 2026/137

Verbatim text · English

“Remote termination” means the act of remotely disabling one or more ADS features of one or more vehicles.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 · 2.19

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

UNECE 2026/139

Verbatim text · English

“Remote termination” means the act of remotely disabling one or more ADS features of one or more vehicles.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 · Part II, 2.19

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

Safety case

Explanation: Structured safety justification connecting claims, arguments and evidence.

UNECE 2026/137

Verbatim text · English

“Safety case” means structured documentation that provides a compelling, comprehensible, and valid case that the ADS meets the relevant ADS requirements of this Regulation and is free from unreasonable risks to the ADS vehicle user(s) and other road users.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 · 2.31

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

UNECE 2026/139

Verbatim text · English

“Safety case” means structured documentation that provides a compelling, comprehensible, and valid case that the ADS meets the relevant ADS requirements of this Regulation and is free from unreasonable risks to the ADS vehicle user(s) and other road users.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 · Part II, 2.31

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

Road-safety agent

Explanation: A UNECE functional category covering traffic direction, enforcement or incident response. It is not the title of a separate Slovak statutory office.

UNECE 2026/137

Verbatim text · English

“Road-safety agent” means a human engaged in directing traffic, enforcing traffic laws, and/or responding to traffic incidents.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 · 2.21.1

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

UNECE 2026/139

Verbatim text · English

“Road-safety agent” means a human engaged in directing traffic, enforcing traffic laws, and/or responding to traffic incidents.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 · Part II, 2.21.1

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

Object and event detection and response (OEDR)

Explanation: Monitoring the environment and responding appropriately form part of the dynamic driving task.

EU law

Verbatim text · Slovak

„Detekcia a reakcia na predmety a udalosti“ (OEDR) sú čiastkové úlohy dynamickej úlohy riadenia, ktoré zahŕňajú monitorovanie prostredia jazdy a vykonávanie primeranej reakcie. Zahŕňa detegovanie, rozpoznávanie a klasifikáciu predmetov a udalostí a prípravu a vykonávanie reakcií podľa potreby.

EU 2022/1426 · Článok 2 bod 17

SAE 2021

Verbatim text · English

The subtasks of the DDT that include monitoring the driving environment (detecting, recognizing, and classifying objects and events and preparing to respond as needed) and executing an appropriate response to such objects and events (i.e., as needed to complete the DDT and/or DDT fallback).

SAE J3016 — APR2021 · 3.19

Technical taxonomy; not legislation.

Data Storage System for Automated Driving (DSSAD)

Explanation: Records concerning ADS safety performance. DSSAD must not automatically be equated with an event data recorder (EDR).

UNECE 2026/137

Verbatim text · English

“Data Storage System for Automated Driving (DSSAD)” means the capability to record and store data concerning the safety performance of a vehicle’s ADS.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 · 2.11

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

UNECE 2026/139

Verbatim text · English

“Data Storage System for Automated Driving (DSSAD)” means the capability to record and store data concerning the safety performance of a vehicle’s ADS.

ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 · Part II, 2.11

Quoted from the proposal submitted in June 2026. Adoption of the UNECE framework does not itself establish entry into force or applicability in Slovakia.

Remote intervention operator

Explanation: A role under EU Regulation 2022/1426. The operator does not drive: the ADS continues to perform the DDT. This is a separate legal definition, not automatic incorporation of the SAE remote assistant definition.

EU law

Verbatim text · Slovak

„Obsluha vzdialeného zásahu“ je, keď je to potrebné z hľadiska bezpečnostnej koncepcie ADS, osoba nachádzajúca sa mimo plne automatizovaného vozidla, ktorá môže na diaľku plniť úlohy palubnej obsluhy za predpokladu, že je to bezpečné. Obsluha vzdialeného zásahu neriadi plne automatizované vozidlo a ADS naďalej vykonáva DDT.

EU 2022/1426 · Článok 2 bod 25

Reading the sources

SAE is a technical taxonomy. WP.1 resolutions are non-binding recommendations. The Vienna Convention is an international treaty: Article 34 bis sets conditions under which use of an ADS satisfies the driver requirement. It does not make the system a human or a driver under every domestic law.

Vienna Convention — Article 34 bis · Notification of entry into force of amendments

Documents 2026/137 and 2026/139 are cited as specific proposal versions. UNECE announced adoption of the ADS framework on 24 June 2026; these quotations do not establish its entry into force or applicability to a particular vehicle or operation. UNECE

PACE Resolution 2346 (2020) provides wider automated transport policy context. It contains policy recommendations, not another statutory definition. Resolution 2346 (2020)

NewlyPossible — Automated Driving Roles · Supplementary comparison; verify legal meaning against the cited primary source.

Sources checked: 2026-09-08