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ROAT — Regulation of Automated TransportROAT — Regulation of Automated Transport

Automated mobility regulatory landscape

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6 strán A3 na šírku · anglicky · všetkých 76 položiek vrátane legendy a odkazov na pramene. Filtre na webe nemenia obsah PDF. Snímka 2026-08-27; export 2026-09-07.

Start with a country

Expand a country and choose the next step. The four practical profiles share seven questions; their interpretations remain provisional.

SlovakiaPractical profile · 7 questions

Scope: Testing route + specific delivery vehicles

Targeted source review:

The reference to § 49 has been updated following the amendment effective from 1 September 2026. The finding that a general route is absent is limited to the provisions checked and the status of parliamentary bill 1329. The guide does not cover the entire implementing legislation, all road traffic rules or individual permits.

GermanyPractical profile · 7 questions

Scope: Autonomous vehicle in an approved area

Targeted source review:

Compared with the original snapshot, the alternative of European type approval in the current § 1e(1), point 2, is clarified. Permanent supervision during testing remains distinct from ordinary autonomous operation. The relationship between the current StVG and AFGBV procedural requirements must be resolved for an individual application; this comparison does not treat it as settled.

FrancePractical profile · 7 questions

Scope: Testing + automated passenger transport system

Targeted source review:

The testing regime was checked in the consolidated text as of 7 September 2026, including the 2020 amendment. The operational branch is limited to passenger transport. The current text of R3152-3 was confirmed directly on Légifrance. This review concerns specific provisions; freight transport, full civil liability and all implementing requirements remain outside its scope.

Great BritainPractical profile · 7 questions

Scope: Testing with a driver + driverless pilot + APS

Targeted source review:

The transitional nature of the framework is retained. Driverless pilots, testing with a driver and passenger service permits are distinguished. Earlier guidance describing planned APS commencement is read against the adopted SI 2026/437 and 439. Individual VSOs, specific permits and full civil liability remain outside the review.

Further research records and supranational framework (3)

These records do not have the same practical profile or comparable coverage as the four countries above. EU / UNECE is a supranational framework.

Navigation layer

Decision tree

From an intended activity to the approval, operational and liability rules that apply.

Regulatory journey

Nine stages from safety engineering to incident response, and where the law changes hands.

Where the regimes meet

Thirteen interfaces between regimes, and the friction each one produces.

Who decides what

The thirty bodies that make, interpret and enforce these rules.

Slovakia in the European stack

Seven regulatory questions read across UNECE, EU and Slovak law.

The wall

From vehicle approval to real-world deployment. 76 instruments and standards across 12 regulatory pillars, as they stood on 2026-08-27. A box is one instrument; its identifiers link to the Source Library where the record is published.

76 of 76

PDF bude obsahovať položky zodpovedajúce filtrom vyššie, použité filtre a pramene. Formát A4.

Binding, in force 33Soft law and guidance 16Draft or in negotiation 6Verification pending 12Binding, adopted or phased 2Standard or technical reference 7

Colour indicates the status of an individual instrument or standard in the stated snapshot. It does not indicate general permission for autonomous driving or a country’s readiness. “Verification pending” means an incomplete review, not missing regulation. The map snapshot and country profile review dates may differ.

International Road Traffic Law

6 instruments

Geneva Convention 1949

International / UNECE · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0008

official source

Vienna Convention 1968 backbone

International / UNECE · approval and operation

official source

Vienna Convention Art. 8(5 bis)

International / UNECE · approval and operation

official source

Vienna Convention Art. 34 bis

International / UNECE · approval and operation

official source

WP.1 Deployment Resolution

International / UNECE · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0025

official source

Draft AV Convention package

International / UNECE · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0012ROAT-2026-0013ROAT-2026-0016

official source and 2 more

Groups the zero draft, Q&A and scoping draft.

Vehicle Type-Approval

10 instruments

UN R157 – ALKS

International / UNECE · type approval

ROAT-2026-0020

official source

UN R171 - DCAS

International / UNECE · type approval

official source

New UN Regulation on ADS (2026) new 2026 backbone

International / UNECE · type approval

official source

EU Type-Approval Regulation 2018/858 backbone

European Union · type approval

official source

EU General Safety Regulation 2019/2144 backbone

European Union · type approval

official source and 1 more

EU ADS Implementing Regulation 2022/1426 backbone

European Union · type approval

official source

EU ADS Amendment 2026/481 new 2026 backbone

European Union · type approval

official source

EU GSR implementing package

European Union · type approval

ROAT-2026-0041ROAT-2026-0042ROAT-2026-0043ROAT-2026-0047ROAT-2026-0048ROAT-2026-0049

official source and 5 more

Grouped ELKS, general construction, distraction, ISA, drowsiness and alcohol-interlock implementing/delegated acts.

EU position at WP.29 – Decision 2026/1411 new 2026

European Union · type approval

official source

US FMVSS modernisation for ADS

National / subnational · type approval

ROAT-2026-0164

official source

ADS Safety Validation

9 instruments

UNECE NATM Guidelines

International / UNECE · type approval

official source

UN ADS GTR (2026) new 2026 backbone

International / UNECE · type approval

official source

Adopted at WP.29's 199th session (June 2026); Global Registry publication details pending. Under Article 7 of the 1998 Agreement a UN GTR has no direct legal force and no mutual recognition of approvals: a Contracting Party that voted in favour must submit it to its own domestic adoption procedure but stays free not to adopt it, giving reasons. Contrast the 1958-Agreement UN Regulation.

UNECE ADS Guidance & Interpretation

International / UNECE · type approval

official source

GRVA working document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRVA/2026/24, tabled for the 26th GRVA session of 14-18 September 2026; the guidance and interpretation document is proposed, not adopted.

JRC interpretation of EU 2022/1426

European Union · type approval

official source

JRC SMS & Remote Management addendum

Cross-cutting · type approval

official source

ISO 34503 – ODD specification

Standards / Guidance · type approval

ROAT-2026-0208

official source

ISO 21448 - SOTIF

Standards / Guidance · type approval

official source

ISO 26262 – Functional safety

Standards / Guidance · type approval

ROAT-2026-0123

official source

UL 4600

Standards / Guidance · type approval

official source

Testing and Trial Operation

5 instruments

EU automated-vehicle exemption guidelines

European Union · operation

ROAT-2026-0038

official source

Slovakia – test-operation framework backbone

National / subnational · operation

official source and 3 more

UK trialling framework + PAS 1884

Standards / Guidance · operation

ROAT-2026-0166ROAT-2026-0127

official source and 1 more

Croatia – real-world service testing backbone

National / subnational · operation

official source and 1 more

California AV testing / incident framework

National / subnational · operation

official source

Deployment and Passenger Services

8 instruments

UK AV Act + APS implementation backbone

National / subnational · operation

official source and 3 more

Germany – automated driving framework backbone

National / subnational · operation

official source

France – automated driving / STRA framework backbone

National / subnational · operation

official source and 2 more

Croatia – road-operation framework

National / subnational · operation

official source

Slovakia – road-operation + CPT 1329 backbone

National / subnational · operation

official source and 2 more

Czech Republic – automated mobility framework

National / subnational · operation

ROAT-2026-0160ROAT-2026-0161

official source and 1 more

EU Automated Mobility Strategy

European Union · operation

ROAT-2026-0050

official source

UK AV marketing restrictions

National / subnational · operation

ROAT-2026-0138

official source

Human Roles and Remote Operation

7 instruments

WP.1 secondary-activities resolution

International / UNECE · operation

ROAT-2026-0027

official source

WP.1 remote-driving draft resolution

International / UNECE · operation

ROAT-2026-0028

official source

UNECE remote intervention / interaction interpretation

International / UNECE · operation

official source

Informal document ADS-21-71/Rev.3, a change request to the guidance and interpretation document deferred for further discussion at the 21st ADS session; not an adopted interpretation.

UNECE remote-driving / management papers

International / UNECE · operation

ROAT-2026-0029ROAT-2026-0032

official source and 1 more

SAE J3016 taxonomy

Standards / Guidance · operation

official source

AVSC remote-assistance best practice

Standards / Guidance · operation

ROAT-2026-0191

official source

ETSI AVM / remote-operations specification

Standards / Guidance · operation

ROAT-2026-0221

official source

Liability and Insurance

4 instruments

EU Product Liability Directive backbone

European Union · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0320

official source

New PLD; applies to products placed on the market or put into service after 8 December 2026 (Article 2(1) as corrected on 7 May 2026, OJ L, 2026/90364); Directive 85/374/EEC is repealed with effect from 9 December 2026 and continues to govern products placed on the market before then.

EU Motor Insurance Directive amendment backbone

European Union · operation

ROAT-2026-0321

official source

Compulsory motor-insurance/victim-compensation layer; review expressly considers autonomous vehicles.

UK AEV Act 2018

National / subnational · approval and operation

official source

PACE legal-aspects resolution

International / UNECE · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0035

official source

Data and Privacy

6 instruments

GDPR backbone

European Union · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0052

official source

EDPB connected-vehicle guidelines

European Union · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0058

official source

EU Data Act backbone

European Union · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0059

official source

UN R160 – EDR

International / UNECE · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0021

official source

EU EDR Regulation 2022/545

European Union · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0046

official source

Article 29 data-protection opinions

European Union · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0054ROAT-2026-0056

official source and 1 more

Cybersecurity and Software Updates

6 instruments

UN R155 – CSMS backbone

International / UNECE · type approval

ROAT-2026-0018

official source

UN R156 – SUMS backbone

International / UNECE · type approval

ROAT-2026-0019

official source

UN R161 – Unauthorized Use

International / UNECE · type approval

ROAT-2026-0022

official source

NIS2 Directive backbone

European Union · type approval

ROAT-2026-0067

official source

EU Cybersecurity Act

European Union · type approval

ROAT-2026-0068

official source

ISO/SAE 21434

Cross-cutting · type approval

official source

AI and Algorithmic Governance

4 instruments

EU AI Act backbone

European Union · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0318

official source

Annex I links AI Act to Regulations 2018/858 and 2019/2144; cross-layer type-approval interface.

EU CAV Ethics recommendations

European Union · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0051

official source

Trustworthy-AI testing framework

Cross-cutting · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0002

official source

Peer-reviewed research evidence retained from v0.1; not a legal instrument.

Digital Omnibus on AI 2026/1744 new 2026 backbone

European Union · approval and operation

ROAT-2026-0319

official source

2026 amendment to AI Act implementation; must be read together with product/type-approval rules.

Incident Reporting and Enforcement

5 instruments

NHTSA SGO crash reporting

National / subnational · operation

ROAT-2026-0182

official source

EU ADS in-service monitoring

European Union · operation

official source

EU vehicle market surveillance

European Union · operation

official source

California DMV AV incident reporting

National / subnational · operation

official source

Police–AV interaction research

Cross-cutting · operation

ROAT-2026-0078

official source

Peer-reviewed operational evidence retained from v0.1; not a legal instrument.

Infrastructure, Connectivity and Emergency Response

6 instruments

EU ITS Directive

European Union · operation

ROAT-2026-0060

official source

EU C-ITS Strategy

European Union · operation

ROAT-2026-0064

official source

EU eCall Regulation

European Union · operation

official source

Waymo first-responder guide

National / subnational · operation

official source

ENISA AI/AV cybersecurity report

European Union · operation

ROAT-2026-0069

official source

SUMP guidance

European Union · operation

ROAT-2026-0167

official source

Provenance

Classification by pillar, layer, function and status is maintained in the ROAT research register, sheet "Regulatory Map" and was refreshed on 2026-09-06; the coding describes the position on 2026-08-27 and originates in ROAT Regulatory Map 2026 – Reconstructed Draft v0.7.1 (PraF UK), sheet "Research Map v0.5". The instruments themselves are ROAT Intelligence source records: 88 records are referenced, 33 are published in the Source Library and 55 are held in the research register pending publication, which is why some identifiers are not links. The map is a navigation layer; the coded comparative data lives in the modules.