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Slovensko

Podmienky testovania a prevádzky automatizovaných vozidiel, príslušné orgány a pramene.

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Scenáre, porovnanie a súvisiace podklady

Pokrytie dát a hranice overenia →

Vysvetliť právne roly v slovníku →

Praktický scenár: skúšobná jazda s vodičom →

Čo sa zmenilo? Prehľad krajiny →

Kontrola vybraných prameňov: 7. 9. 2026 · Pracovný výskumný prehľad · cielené overenie ustanovení

Rozsah: Skúšobná cesta + osobitné doručovacie vozidlá

Aktualizované označenie § 49 po novele účinnej od 1. 9. 2026. Záver o chýbajúcej všeobecnej ceste je obmedzený na kontrolované ustanovenia a stav tlače 1329. Sprievodca nepokrýva úplný vykonávací predpis, všetky pravidlá cestnej premávky ani individuálne povolenia.

Roly v tejto krajine

V slovníku nájdete úlohy, právny stav a pramene ku každému pojmu.

Kto povoľuje skúšobné jazdy?

Ministerstvo dopravy ako typový schvaľovací orgán udeľuje povolenie podľa § 49. Pre neschválené automatizované vozidlá podáva návrh výrobca alebo jeho zástupca; od 1. 9. 2026 ide o ods. 1 písm. c).

Zákon 106/2018, § 49 ods. 1 písm. c), ods. 2 písm. c); § 135 ods. 2

Čo umožňuje prevádzku bez vodiča?

§ 49 povoľuje skúšky. § 52 obsahuje osobitnú cestu pre automatizované doručovacie vozidlá. V overených ustanoveniach nebola identifikovaná všeobecná licencia na bežnú bezvodičovú službu.

Tlač 1329 je stále návrh. Toto zistenie samo nerozhoduje o prípustnosti každého konkrétneho zámeru.

Zákon 106/2018, § 49 ods. 8 písm. a), § 52
Tlač 1329 — stav legislatívneho procesu

Kto nesie prevádzkové povinnosti?

Navrhovateľ zabezpečuje technické, personálne a organizačné predpoklady. Držiteľ povolenia zodpovedá za plnenie prevádzkových povinností a podmienok skúšok.

Zákon 106/2018, § 49 ods. 3 a 8

Akú úlohu má človek?

§ 49 počíta s vodičom, ktorému držiteľ odovzdá povolenie. Presný režim dohľadu pri konkrétnom bezvodičovom teste vyžaduje doplnenie pravidiel cestnej premávky a podmienok povolenia.

Úloha vzdialeného dohľadu nie je týmto prehľadom úplne overená.

Zákon 106/2018, § 49 ods. 6 a ods. 8 písm. c)

Čím treba preukázať bezpečnosť?

Bezpečnosť skúšok sa preukazuje informáciami o testovaní mimo premávky alebo o skúšobnej prevádzke v zahraničí.

Zákon 106/2018, § 49 ods. 3–5

Čo vieme o škode, poistení a deliktoch?

Držiteľ zabezpečuje poistenie zodpovednosti, ak ho vyžaduje osobitný predpis.

Kompletné rozdelenie náhrady škody a deliktnej zodpovednosti zostáva na samostatné overenie.

Zákon 106/2018, § 49 ods. 8 písm. d)

Aké podmienky a otvorené otázky zostávajú?

Povolenie skúšok trvá najviac rok; môže obmedziť územie, trasu, čas a určiť zber údajov. Tlač 1329 zostáva v rokovaní výboru.

Zákon 106/2018, § 49 ods. 6
Tlač 1329 — rokovanie výborov

Porovnať s inou krajinou

Rovnakých sedem otázok, odpovede vedľa seba.

Slovensko / Nemecko →Slovensko / Francúzsko →Slovensko / Veľká Británia →

Pramene a rozsah overenia

Zákon č. 106/2018 Z. z. o prevádzke vozidiel

Časová verzia 1.–30. 9. 2026; kontrola § 49, § 52 a určenia orgánu v § 135 ods. 2. Zákon obsahuje aj ďalšiu časovú verziu od 1. 10. 2026.

Otvoriť oficiálny prameň ↗

NR SR — parlamentná tlač 1329

Kontrola stavu legislatívneho procesu 7. 9. 2026: rokovanie výboru; lehoty pre výbory 11. a 14. 9. 2026.

Otvoriť oficiálny prameň ↗

Súvisiace záznamy ROAT: ROAT-2026-0156 · ROAT-2026-0159 · ROAT-2026-0306

Ako citovať profil

ROAT. Slovensko — profil krajiny. ROAT Observatórium. Pracovný výskumný prehľad; cielená kontrola prameňov 7. 9. 2026. https://roat.sk/jurisdictions/slovakia/.

Doplňte dátum prístupu. Webový profil sa môže meniť; pre zachovanie použitého podkladu si uložte aj PDF. Pri tvrdení o právnej úprave citujte príslušný predpis a ustanovenie uvedené pri odpovedi.

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Jurisdictions › Slovakia

ROAT-JUR-SK

Slovakia

Last verified 2026-09-05 (JA)Authorities Ministerstvo dopravy SR · Ministerstvo vnútra SR · Policajný zbor

Slovakia combines a technically mature EU/UNECE type-approval baseline with a road-operation layer that still relies mainly on the § 49 test-operation permit under Act No. 106/2018 Coll. There is no general legal route from EU type approval to ordinary commercial driverless operation in force. Parliamentary print 1329 would introduce a licensed operator, an approved operation, a control centre and a supervision operator — a genuine second gate — but it is draft law and is coded only as a prospective regime.

Act 131/2026 Coll. effective 1 September 2026 (trial-focused amendment of § 49); parliamentary print 1329 passed first reading, committee stage September 2026.

In Module 01 · snapshot 2026-08-25 review snapshot

Regulatory normalisation by functional layer

Regime	Technical approval	Road access / operation	Actor allocation	Liability / risk	Behavioural rules	Infrastructure	International / cross-border	Range · asynchrony	Configuration family
Current law · snapshot 2026-08-25
Slovakia§ 49 test-operation permit; narrower ADV operational regime	N3	N1	N1	N1	N1	N1	N2	2 · Significant	Testing-permit / technical-leading configuration
Slovakia Testing-permit / technical-leading configuration Technical approval N3 — Dedicated institutionalisation Road access / operation N1 — Ad hoc or conditional accommodation Actor allocation N1 — Ad hoc or conditional accommodation Liability / risk N1 — Ad hoc or conditional accommodation Behavioural rules N1 — Ad hoc or conditional accommodation Infrastructure N1 — Ad hoc or conditional accommodation International / cross-border N2 — Bridge-based integration Primary current-law rationale EU technical approval can reach N3, but current Slovak law still relies mainly on § 49 conditional test operation for AV/FAV; dedicated general operator/control-centre/fully automated deployment rules are proposed in print 1329 but are not yet law. Dominant legal bridge / gate § 49 test-operation permit; narrower ADV operational regime Sensitivity range Road/actor/behaviour plausibly N1–N2 because of permits and the narrower automated-delivery-vehicle regime; technical stays N3. Robust conclusion Testing-permit / technical-leading configuration persists under plausible recoding and after the 1 September 2026 trial-focused amendment. Important caveat Snapshot is 25 August 2026. Print 1329 passed first reading but committee deadlines fall in September; Act 131/2026 is adopted but effective only from 1 September 2026. Confidence Medium–High Core ROAT records ROAT-2026-0070 ROAT-2026-0155 ROAT-2026-0156 ROAT-2026-0159 ROAT-2026-0306
Sensitivity · prospective law (not current-law scores)
Slovakia from 1 Sept 2026 – Act 131/2026 onlyThe amendment broadens/adjusts § 49 trial mechanics but does not itself create a general deployment/operator regime.	N3	N1	N1	N1	N1	N1	N2	UNCHANGED PATHWAY	The amendment broadens/adjusts § 49 trial mechanics but does not itself create a general deployment/operator regime.
Slovakia from 1 Sept 2026 – Act 131/2026 only prospective Technical approval N3 — Dedicated institutionalisation Road access / operation N1 — Ad hoc or conditional accommodation Actor allocation N1 — Ad hoc or conditional accommodation Liability / risk N1 — Ad hoc or conditional accommodation Behavioural rules N1 — Ad hoc or conditional accommodation Infrastructure N1 — Ad hoc or conditional accommodation International / cross-border N2 — Bridge-based integration Primary current-law rationale The amendment broadens/adjusts § 49 trial mechanics but does not itself create a general deployment/operator regime. Interpretation The amendment broadens/adjusts § 49 trial mechanics but does not itself create a general deployment/operator regime. Core ROAT records none
Slovakia if print 1329 enacted substantially as proposedWould move Slovakia from test-permit accommodation toward dedicated institutionalisation, while infrastructure and cross-border operational recognition would remain less mature.	N3	N3	N3	N2	N3	N1	N2	PATHWAY SHIFT	Would move Slovakia from test-permit accommodation toward dedicated institutionalisation, while infrastructure and cross-border operational recognition would remain less mature.
Slovakia if print 1329 enacted substantially as proposed prospective Technical approval N3 — Dedicated institutionalisation Road access / operation N3 — Dedicated institutionalisation Actor allocation N3 — Dedicated institutionalisation Liability / risk N2 — Bridge-based integration Behavioural rules N3 — Dedicated institutionalisation Infrastructure N1 — Ad hoc or conditional accommodation International / cross-border N2 — Bridge-based integration Primary current-law rationale Would move Slovakia from test-permit accommodation toward dedicated institutionalisation, while infrastructure and cross-border operational recognition would remain less mature. Interpretation Would move Slovakia from test-permit accommodation toward dedicated institutionalisation, while infrastructure and cross-border operational recognition would remain less mature. Core ROAT records none

N0Unintegrated / exceptional

N1Ad hoc or conditional accommodation

N2Bridge-based integration

N3Dedicated institutionalisation

N4Routinisation / mainstream recognition

In Module 02 · snapshot 2026-09-07 review snapshot

Post-type-approval deployment models

Regime	Deployment gate	Remote human role	Dominant deployment model	Legal status	Confidence
Current law · snapshot 2026-09-07
Slovakia – current law (31 Aug 2026)	Predominantly § 49 test-operation permit; the only non-test deployment gate is the operational permit for automated delivery vehicles under § 52 of Act 106/2018; no general dedicated commercial FAV deployment gate	No general commercial FAV technical-supervision/control-centre role in force; supervising driver (dohliadajúci vodič) with remote takeover for automated delivery vehicles (Act 8/2009 § 2(2)(w), § 5(6))	Testing-permit / technical-leading model	In force	Medium–High
Slovakia – current law (31 Aug 2026) Regulatory object EU-approved vehicle + national test-operation / narrower operational exceptions Technical approval baseline EU/UNECE type-approval framework can provide high technical maturity Additional deployment / road-use gate Predominantly § 49 test-operation permit; the only non-test deployment gate is the operational permit for automated delivery vehicles under § 52 of Act 106/2018; no general dedicated commercial FAV deployment gate ODD / operating-area legalisation ODD reflected in permit/test conditions; for automated delivery vehicles the operational permit fixes territory, route and time (§ 52(6)); not yet a general autonomous-operation authorisation object Competent authority / decision maker Ministry of Transport / road and police authorities depending on permit Primary accountable organisational actor Permit holder / owner / driver-type roles; operator holding an operational permit for automated delivery vehicles (§ 52); no general licensed FAV operator architecture in force Remote human role No general commercial FAV technical-supervision/control-centre role in force; supervising driver (dohliadajúci vodič) with remote takeover for automated delivery vehicles (Act 8/2009 § 2(2)(w), § 5(6)) DDT / fallback allocation Current framework remains structurally driver/test oriented; dedicated driverless DDT allocation is incomplete Traffic-offence allocation No complete general rule for traffic offences committed by driverless FAV Civil liability / insurance General motor insurance/civil liability; no mature FAV-specific allocation Data / logging Test-operation documentation and technical rules; supervision log and permit-conditioned operational data for automated delivery vehicles (Act 8/2009 § 6(7); Act 106/2018 § 52(6)–(7)); no general FAV logging architecture equivalent to CPT 1329 Post-market / in-use oversight Primarily permit/test supervision rather than mature in-use driverless market oversight Material change / software update Handled through technical approval/test permit changes; no general deployment change-control regime Retesting / revalidation Retesting tied mainly to test-operation context Commercial service pathway No general pathway from EU type approval to ordinary commercial driverless operation; goods delivery by automated delivery vehicles is the only permitted service use (Act 8/2009 § 55b; Act 106/2018 § 52) Dominant deployment model Testing-permit / technical-leading model Legal status In force Primary-source anchor Act 106/2018 §§ 49, 52; Act 8/2009 §§ 2, 5, 6, 55b; Decree 131/2018; Act 131/2026 effective 1 Sep 2026 only prospectively at snapshot Primary current-law rationale The central inter-layer gap remains: technical admissibility does not yet map onto a general legal route for commercial driverless deployment. Confidence Medium–High Core ROAT records ROAT-2026-0155 ROAT-2026-0156 ROAT-2026-0306 ROAT-2026-0159
Sensitivity · prospective law (not current-law scores)
Slovakia – CPT 1329 prospective model	Operator licence + specific operation approval would create a genuine second gate	Operátor dohľadu + riadiace centrum; current draft boundary with remote driving needs correction	Licensed-operator + control-centre deployment model	Draft / parliamentary print 1329	High for text; prospective only
Slovakia – CPT 1329 prospective model prospective Regulatory object Licensed FAV operator + approved operation + control centre + supervision operator + ODD Technical approval baseline EU/UNECE technical approval remains baseline Additional deployment / road-use gate Operator licence + specific operation approval would create a genuine second gate ODD / operating-area legalisation ODD and defined roads/territory become part of operational documentation / approval Competent authority / decision maker Ministry of Transport with police/other authority inputs Primary accountable organisational actor Licensed FAV operator becomes organisational centre of responsibility Remote human role Operátor dohľadu + riadiace centrum; current draft boundary with remote driving needs correction DDT / fallback allocation ADS should remain DDT performer; current wording risks transferring DDT remotely to supervisor in some clauses Traffic-offence allocation Still requires explicit rule for offences committed by FAV while ADS is active Civil liability / insurance Insurance/organisational requirements improve, but full civil/product/service allocation remains to be clarified Data / logging Dedicated recording system proposed Post-market / in-use oversight Operator/licence supervision and operational duties create stronger in-use layer Material change / software update Draft requires clearer material-change / software-version triggers Retesting / revalidation Local validation/testing is structurally present but should be proportionate and recognise existing type-approval/foreign evidence Commercial service pathway Potential general commercial pathway if enacted and separated from test-only logic Dominant deployment model Licensed-operator + control-centre deployment model Legal status Draft / parliamentary print 1329 Primary-source anchor CPT 1329 §§ 49a–49f and related amendments Primary current-law rationale The draft is conceptually close to a mature second-gate architecture, but actor boundaries, offence allocation, material-change control and the relation between licence and operation approval should be tightened. Confidence High for text; prospective only Core ROAT records ROAT-2026-0159 ROAT-2026-0040 ROAT-2026-0311 ROAT-2026-0326 ROAT-2026-0329 ROAT-2026-0330

Sources

Public Library records for Slovakia

ROAT-2026-0156

Act No. 106/2018 Coll. on the Operation of Vehicles in Road Traffic (Zákon č. 106/2018 Z. z.)

ROAT-2026-0306

Act No. 131/2026 Coll. amending the Slovak Road Traffic Act and related legislation (Zákon č. 131/2026 Z. z.)

ROAT-2026-0070

Act No. 429/2022 Coll. amending laws in connection with the development of automated vehicles (Zákon č. 429/2022 Z. z.)

ROAT-2026-0155

Act No. 8/2009 Coll. on Road Traffic (Zákon č. 8/2009 Z. z. o cestnej premávke)

ROAT-2026-0159

Government Bill amending laws in connection with expanding the framework for introducing and using automated vehicles in the Slovak Republic (Parliamentary Print 1329)